Glossary
Glossary
Terms used in the Wellframe app
- A1c
A test that measures the percent of hemoglobin that's coated with sugar.
- abdominal aortic aneurysm
When an area of the aorta becomes very large or balloons out.
- ablation
To remove or destroy a body part or its function.
- ACE inhibitor
A drug that blocks an enzyme in the body from making angiotensin II, a substance that tightens blood vessels and releases hormones that can raise blood pressure.
- acetaminophen
A drug that reduces pain and fever, but not inflammation. A common brand name is Tylenol®.
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a condition marked by a weakened immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
- acupuncture
A form of alternative medicine where thin needles are placed in the skin at points on the body to control pain and other symptoms.
- acute limb ischemia
When the limbs experience a sudden and severe drop in blood flow that may be due to narrowed or blocked arteries.
- acute stress disorder
A severe stress reaction in the first month after a traumatic event.
- adenocarcinoma
Cancer that begins in gland cells, which are found in the tissue that lines some organs.
- adjustment disorder
Depression that occurs after a stressful event, such as the death of a loved one, divorce, or illness.
- adjuvant therapy
Cancer treatment given after the main treatment to lower the risk that the cancer comes back.
- agoraphobia
Intense fear of being in open places where it may be hard to escape, or where help may not be available.
- albumin
A type of protein that's found in the body, in particular in the bloodstream.
- albuterol
A quick-relief medication used to prevent and treat wheezing and shortness of breath. Some common brand names are ProAir® and Ventolin®.
- alcohol use disorder
A chronic disease marked by frequent use of alcohol, loss of control over intake, and poor mental state when not drinking.
- aldosterone antagonist
A heart failure medication that blocks the effects of aldosterone (a hormone that can make heart failure worse).
- alpha-fetoprotein
A protein made by a fetus in the liver, the gastrointestinal tract, and the yolk sac.
- alprazolam
A drug used to treat anxiety disorders and panic attacks. A common brand name is Xanax®.
- Alzheimer disease
A brain disease that affects the brain's nerve cells and destroys memory and learning.
- amniocentesis
A test that may be done at 15 to 20 weeks of pregnancy to detect genetic disorders in the fetus.
- amniotic fluid
Clear, slightly yellowish liquid that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy.
- amniotic sac
A sac formed during pregnancy within the uterus and that encloses the fetus.
- amylin
A hormone that helps the body control how much glucose gets absorbed into the blood after a meal or snack.
- analgesic
A term for pain medicine.
- anaphylaxis
A serious, life-threatening allergic reaction commonly caused by foods, insect stings, and medications.
- androgen
A type of hormone that gives a person male sex features.
- anemia
A condition that happens when the amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin (the substance in the blood that carries oxygen to organs) becomes reduced, causing fatigue that can be severe.
- anesthesia
A medicine that prevents a person from feeling pain.
- anesthesiologist
A trained doctor who gives medicine to help people fall asleep during a medical test, surgery, or other procedure.
- anesthetic
A type of drug used to keep people from feeling pain during surgery or other procedures.
- anesthetist
A nurse or doctor who has special training in giving drugs or other agents to prevent or relieve pain during surgery or other procedures.
- aneurysm
A thin or weak spot in an artery that balloons out and can burst.
- angina
Pain or discomfort in the chest when the heart doesn't receive enough blood, often seen in heart disease.
- angioplasty
A procedure to enlarge the opening in a blood vessel that has become narrowed or blocked by plaque.
- angiotensin
A substance in the blood that makes blood vessels tighten, raising blood pressure and making the heart work harder.
- angiotensin receptor blocker
A heart failure medication that lowers blood pressure and decreases strain on the heart by blocking angiotensin.
- ankle-brachial index
A test that measures blood pressure in a person's ankle and compares it to blood pressure in their arm to see how well blood is flowing through the person's legs.
- anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder that makes people lose more weight than is healthy for their age and height.
- anterior cruciate ligament
The band running down the center of the knee. It limits movement of the shin bone.
- antiandrogen
A substance that keeps androgens (male hormones) from binding to proteins called androgen receptors, which can be found in prostate cells and cells of some other tissues.
- antibiotic
A type of drug used to fight infections caused by bacteria. Antibiotics don't work against viral infections.
- anticholinergic
A type of medication that blocks certain nerve signals to the muscles.
- anticoagulant
A type of medication that helps prevent blood clots.
- antidepressant
A type of medication used to treat depression by balancing the natural chemicals in the brain.
- antihistamine
A type of medication used to prevent or relieve the symptoms of hay fever and other allergies.
- anti-inflammatory
A drug or substance that helps manage inflammation (redness, swelling, and pain) in the body.
- antimetabolite
Anticancer drugs that can stop or slow down biochemical reactions in cells.
- antioxidant
Substances that may prevent or delay cell damage. They can be found in many foods, such as fruits and veggies, or supplements.
- antiplatelet
A type of medication that prevents blood from forming a clot.
- antipsychotic
A type of medication used to manage psychosis, a disease that affects the mind and causes some loss of contact with reality.
Drugs that stop or slow retroviruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- aorta
The main blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen, pelvis, and legs.
- aromatase inhibitor
A type of medication that stops the body from making the hormone estradiol.
- arteriovenous fistula
A link to an artery and a vein created by a surgeon to allow for blood to flow in and out of the body for dialysis.
- arteriovenous graft
A looped, plastic tube that connects an artery to a vein.
- arthritis
A condition marked by swelling, redness, warmth, and pain of the joints.
- arthroplasty
Surgery to rebuild or replace a joint.
- aspirin
An over-the-counter medicine that helps to reduce fever and pain. A low daily dose may also be prescribed to lower the risk of heart attack. Some common brand names are Bayer® and Ecotrin®.
- atherectomy
A procedure that removes plaque buildup from an artery.
- atherosclerosis
A disease in which a fatty substance, called plaque, builds up on the wall of the arteries.
- Ativan
A prescription medication prescribed for anxiety. Also called orazepam.
- atopic dermatitis
Dry and itchy skin caused by disease, irritation, allergy, or genetics.
- atrial fibrillation
A heart rhythm problem that occurs when the atria beat very quickly and without a steady pattern. When it happens, the heart can't pump blood as well as it should.
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
A disorder that makes it hard to sit still, pay attention, control impulses, and focus on certain tasks.
- atypical antipsychotic
A set of newer antipsychotic drugs introduced to treat serious mental health problems. Also called second-generation antipsychotic medications.
- atypical hyperplasia
The presence of abnormal breast cells in breast tissue glands or ducts.
- autism
A disorder that affects how a person behaves, learns, and acts with others.
- automated external defibrillator
A device that gives a shock to the heart to help restore normal beating.
- automated peritoneal dialysis
A type of dialysis that relies on the lining of the belly to filter blood. A machine does the exchanges while a person is asleep.
- bacteremia
The presence of bacteria in the blood.
- bacterial vaginosis
A vaginal infection in younger women that causes thick discharge, itching, and pain.
- behavioral health
The link between a person's behaviors and the health and well-being of the body and mind.
- benign prostatic hypertrophy
When extra prostate tissue grows and pushes against the urethra and bladder, blocking the normal flow of urine.
- benzodiazepine
A type of drug used to relieve anxiety and trouble sleeping.
- beta2-agonist
A type of medicine that helps the airways in the lungs relax and widen.
- beta blocker
A medication that affects the hormones that make the heart pump too fast.
- bicondylar implant
A type of device implanted during total knee replacement surgery. It attaches to both parts of the shin bone and the thigh bone.
- biguanide
A type of diabetes drug that lowers the amount of glucose made by your liver.
- bilirubin
The product of broken down red blood cells. A buildup in the body causes yellowing of the skin and eyes, called jaundice.
- binge eating disorder
When a person isn't able to control the need to eat large amounts of food.
- blood thinner
A type of medication that's used to help prevent blood clots.
- brachytherapy
A type of radiation therapy in which needles, seeds, wires, or catheters containing a radiation source are placed into or near a tumor.
- bradycardia
A heart rate that's slower than it should be.
- brain stimulation therapy
A group of treatments that send small amounts of electric currents to the brain.
- breast cancer
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the breast.
- breast-conserving surgery
An operation to remove breast cancer and some normal tissue around it, but not the breast itself.
- bronchiectasis
A form of damage to the bronchioles (airways) in the lungs that causes the muscles in airway walls to become flabby.
- bronchitis
Inflammation of the main air passages (bronchi) to your lungs.
- bronchodilator
A type of drug that acts fast, so that small airways in the lungs can open up.
- B-type natriuretic peptide
A hormone that's made when the heart is overworked.
- bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person eats a lot of food all at once and then vomits the food.
- bupropion
A drug used to treat depression and certain other disorders by affecting mood receptors in the brain.
- bypass grafting
A surgical procedure that uses a small transplant from a person's healthy blood vessels (or a synthetic tube) to create a bypass, so that blood can flow around blocked arteries.
- bypass surgery
A surgical procedure that creates a new route around a blocked artery to allow blood to reach the heart muscle.
- calcification
When calcium collects in the tissue.
- candesartan
A type of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), a drug that lowers blood pressure. A common brand name Is Atacand®.
- candida
The short name of a fungus called Candida albicans that can cause yeast infections.
- captopril
A type of ACE inhibitor, a drug that relaxes blood vessels and lowers blood pressure. A common brand name is Capoten®.
- carcinoma
Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover the organs.
- cardiac arrest
A condition that occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating.
- cardiogenic shock
When the heart suddenly can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body.
- cardiomyopathy
A disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to be enlarged, thick, or rigid, which can make it harder for the heart to pump blood.
- cardioversion
A treatment that helps restore normal heart rhythm. Sensors are placed on the chest to send painless low-energy pulses to the heart.
- cataplexy
A sudden loss of motor tone and strength.
- cataracts
Cloudy or thick areas in the lens of the eye.
- catheterization
A procedure used to run tests in the heart and treat heart disease in which a long thin tube is placed in an artery or vein in the groin, neck, or arm, and threaded to blood vessels in the heart.
- celiac disease
An autoimmune disease in which the gluten in foods cannot be processed in the gut. Instead, the immune system attacks the small intestine, harming the lining.
- central agonist
A type of medicine used to treat high blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels, so that blood can flow more easily through the body.
- cervical cancer
Cancer that forms in tissues of the cervix (the canal that leads to the vagina).
- Charcot foot
A condition that occurs when the bones in the foot become weak to the point that they may break.
- chlamydia
A bacterial infection spread during sex.
- chlorpheniramine
An over-the-counter medicine used to treat symptoms of colds or allergies.
- chorion
Outer covering around a growing fetus or baby.
- chorionic villus sampling
A prenatal test done between 10 and 13 weeks of pregnancy to detect genetic and chromosome problems in the fetus.
- chronic kidney disease
A disease that happens when damage to the kidneys prevents them from filtering waste and water from the blood.
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A long-term disease in the lungs that makes it hard to breathe.
- cirrhosis
When the liver is scarred and no longer functions well as a result of liver disease.
- cleft lip and palate
A birth defect that affect the upper lip and the hard and soft palates of the mouth.
- clopidogrel
A medication used to prevent blood clots. A common brand name is Plavix®.
- cognitive-behavioral therapy
A type of therapy that helps people change their actions by changing the way they think and feel about certain things.
- coinsurance
A portion of the cost that you pay for a certain healthcare service or prescription.
- colon cancer
Cancer in the inner lining of the colon.
- colorectal cancer
Cancer of the colon or rectum.
- colostrum
Thick, yellow fluid that comes out of the breast during pregnancy and the first few days after giving birth.
- colposcopy
A procedure that uses a special microscope to look into the vagina and examine the cervix to look for signs of cancer.
- continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
A type of dialysis that uses the lining of the belly to clear waste from the body.
- continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis
A type of dialysis that uses the lining of the belly to clear waste from the body. It uses a machine that works during the night while the user is sleeping.
- continuous passive motion machine
A device used to slowly initiate leg movement after surgery. It can help to reduce pain, decrease swelling, and improve circulation.
- continuous positive airway pressure
A treatment that uses mild air pressure to keep the airways open in people who have trouble breathing.
- convulsion
An uncontrollable contraction of muscles that can result in sudden movement or loss of control. Also known as a seizure.
- copayment
A set dollar amount that you may need to pay for a healthcare service or prescription, most often at the time you receive it.
- coronary angiography
A procedure to take images of the heart and blood vessels using a contrast dye injected to highlight blockages.
- coronary artery disease
A common type of heart disease resulting from the slow buildup of plaque in arteries.
A type of virus that can spread from person to person. COVID-19 is one type of coronavirus.
- cost sharing
Any cost you must pay for your healthcare when it isn't covered by your plan.
- COVID-19
A contagious respiratory illness first seen during an outbreak in China in 2019.
- creatinine
A compound that's removed from the body in urine (pee).
- critical congenital heart disease
A term that refers to a group of severe heart defects that are present from birth.
- critical limb ischemia
A severe drop in blood flow in the limbs.
- Crohn's disease
An condition that causes inflammation of the digestive tract.
- cromolyn
A drug used to treat symptoms of asthma. A common brand name is Intal®.
- croup
Swelling that occurs in the vocal cords and windpipe, often caused by a virus, and frequently seen in children between 6 months and 3 years of age.
- cryosurgery
A procedure in which a very cold liquid or device is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.
- c-scope
A test to look inside the large intestine with a tiny camera.
- c-section
A surgery where a baby is delivered through an incision in the pregnant person's stomach and uterus instead of through the vagina.
- CT scan
A test that helps doctors see inside the body.
- cystic fibrosis
A genetic disease that causes the body to make extra fluids, leading to mucus buildup that impair organs.
- cytomegalovirus
A common virus that can cause disease in infants whose mothers are infected with it during pregnancy.
- decompensated heart failure
Refers to when heart failure is out of control.
- decongestant
A type of medication that treats cough and stuffy nose by shrinking swollen membranes in the nose and making it easier to breathe.
- deductible
A set dollar amount that you may need to pay out of pocket before your health plan pays for certain healthcare visits or prescriptions.
- delusion
When a person believes something that isn't true or likely.
- dementia
A group of symptoms caused by problems that affect the brain. Symptoms may include memory loss, confusion, personality changes, and trouble with daily tasks.
- depression
A mood disorder that affects how a person feels, thinks, and handles daily activities, in which symptoms are present for at least 2 weeks.
- dermatitis
Dry and itchy skin caused by disease, irritation, allergy, or a person's genetic makeup.
- dextrose
A type of sugar. Also known as glucose.
- diabetes
A disease in which blood sugar levels are above normal.
- diabetic macular edema
Swelling of a the macula (part of the retina) caused by diabetes.
- diabetic neuropathy
Damage to nerves in the body caused by diabetes.
- diabetic retinopathy
Eye disease caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina.
- dialysis
Medical treatment used when kidneys fail. A device filters the blood to rid the body of harmful wastes, salt, and extra water.
- dialysis solution
A mixture of dextrose, icodextrin, water, and minerals used in peritoneal dialysis to remove waste and extra fluid from the body.
- dialyzer
The artificial kidney machine used for hemodialysis.
- diamniotic dichorionic
A type of twin pregnancy in which each baby has its own amniotic sac and chorion. There may be a shared placenta or there may be 2 separate ones.
- diamniotic monochorionic
A twin pregnancy in which each twin has a separate amniotic sac but they share 1 chorion and 1 placenta.
- diastolic blood pressure
The force of blood flow as blood vessels relax between heartbeats.
- diastolic heart failure
When the ventricles of the heart don't relax normally, preventing them from filling with blood.
- diazepam
A drug used to treat mild-to-moderate anxiety and tension, and to relax muscles. A common brand name is Valium®.
- digitalis
A medication used to help the heart pump with more strength, so that it can pump more blood with each beat.
- dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
A type of diabetes drug that raises the amount of insulin in your body after a meal.
- diphtheria
A bacterial infection that causes sore throat, fever, and weakness.
- diuretic
A heart failure medication that helps rid the body of excess water.
- diverticulosis
When small sacs form, become inflamed, and push out through the colon wall.
- Down syndrome
A genetic disorder where an extra chromosome in each cell changes the growth of the body and brain.
- ductal carcinoma in situ
A condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of breast ducts, but that have not spread to the surrounding breast tissue.
- Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment
A federal program that's part of Medicaid. It helps make sure that kids get the care they need as they grow up, like shots, screenings, and treatments.
- echocardiogram
A test that uses ultrasound waves to show the structure and movement of the heart muscle.
- ectopic pregnancy
A pregnancy that is growing in a place other than the lining of the uterus, like in the Fallopian tube, ovary, cervix, or abdomen.
- eczema
A group of conditions in which the skin becomes inflamed, forms blisters, and becomes crusty, thick, and scaly.
- edema
Swelling that occurs when the body is storing extra water.
- ejection fraction
A measurement of how much blood your heart pumps out with each beat.
- electrocardiogram
A test that detects and records the heart's electrical activity.
- electroconvulsive therapy
A alternative therapy used to treat depression that uses special sensors (called electrodes) to deliver electric pulses to the brain.
- electromyography
A test that checks the health of the muscles and the nerves that control the muscles by recording their electrical activity.
- embolism
A blockage in an artery.
- emphysema
A lung disease caused by damage to the air sacs in the lungs, often due to smoking.
- endometrial cancer
Cancer that starts in the inner lining of the uterus.
- endometriosis
A painful disease in which tissue that lines the uterus grows in other areas, like inside the abdomen.
- endorphin
A substance that can relieve pain and boost mood.
- endoscopy
A procedure where a thin, soft tube is place in the mouth or rectum to view parts of the digestive tract.
- enema
A procedure in which the rectum is cleaned out with fluid.
- engorgement
A condition in which breasts become overly full with milk.
- epidural
A procedure where a needle is inserted at the base of the spine to numb the lower body and reduce pain during labor.
- epilepsy
A disease that involves repeat seizures caused by sudden changes in how the brain works.
- epinephrine
A hormone given through injection to treat life-threatening allergic reactions.
- episiotomy
An incision made in the space between the vagina and the anus to make the vaginal opening larger and prevent tearing during the birth of a baby.
- erectile dysfunction
A condition where a person isn't able to achieve and keep an erect penis.
- erythropoietin
A hormone that prompts bone marrow to make red blood cells.
- estrogen
A group of hormones that play a role in the development of female reproductive and sexual characteristics and anatomy.
- event monitor
A small device that records the heart's activity during normal tasks. It helps to detect a heart problem or see if medications are working.
- exclusive provider organization
A type of health plan that requires a person to see in-network doctors to be covered.
- explanation of benefits
A statement from a health plan that details a person's recent healthcare services.
- exposure therapy
A type of therapy that helps a person face any fears causing anxiety.
- external version
A way to move an unborn baby into a better position for birth. The doctor will push on the mother's belly while viewing an image of the baby on a screen.
- eye dilation
An eye exam where drops are placed in your eyes to widen the pupils.
- ezetimibe
A drug that lowers the amount of cholesterol in the blood by blocking it from entering the bloodstream.
- fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
A term used to describe the full range of harmful effects that can occur when a fetus is exposed to alcohol.
- fibromyalgia
A condition marked by aches and pain all over the body. It involves tender points on the neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs that hurt when pressure is put on them.
- flank pain
Back pain or pain between the belly and the back.
- fluticasone
An inhaled asthma medicine.
- folic acid
An artificial form of folate, a B vitamin, that is found in supplements and some foods.
- follicle-stimulating hormone
A hormone made by the pituitary gland that plays a role in puberty.
- generalized anxiety disorder
A condition that makes a person feel nervous, worried, or fearful about everyday things rather than certain events.
- glaucoma
A group of diseases that can damage the eye's optic nerve, often due to a buildup of fluid.
- glomerular filtration rate
A measure that shows how well the kidneys are working.
- glucagon
A hormone that is injected to raise blood sugar levels.
- goiter
An enlarged thyroid gland.
- gonorrhea
A common sexually transmitted infection.
- gout
A type of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood.
- guaiac-based fecal occult blood test
A stool test that uses a chemical called guaiac to detect blood in a sample of feces (poop).
- hay fever
An allergic response to things like pollen, dust, smoke, or pets.
- health maintenance organization
A type of health plan that requires a person to see in-network providers for most healthcare needs. These plans require a referral from a primary care provider to see a specialist.
- heart murmur
A heart murmur is an extra sound between heartbeats heard by a stethoscope.
- heart palpitation
A feeling like your heart is pounding or skipping a beat.
- heart valve disease
When 1 or more heart valves doesn't work well.
- hematocrit
A blood test that checks your red blood cell count as a percent in your blood.
- hemochromatosis
When too much iron builds up in the body over time.
- hemodialysis
Hemodialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that uses a machine to filter your blood outside your body.
- hemolysis
Breakdown of red blood cells.
- hemorrhoids
Veins around the anus or lower rectum that are swollen and inflamed.
- hepatitis
An inflammation of the liver.
- hepatitis B
A serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus.
- hepatitis B immune globulin
A medication used to help prevent someone from getting sick after coming in contact with the hepatitis B virus.
- hepatitis C
A liver disease that makes the liver swell and stop working correctly.
- herbal supplement
A product made from plants and herbs taken for wellness.
- herd immunity
The idea that the spread of a disease can be prevented when most people (the herd) are immune. This is done by getting vaccines or prior sickness.
- herpes simplex virus
A virus that causes blisters and sores mainly around the mouth and genitals.
- HIV/AIDS
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that infects and destroys the body's immune cells and causes a disease called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
- hives
Red and sometimes itchy bumps on the skin, often caused by an allergy to a drug or food.
- Holter monitor
A device worn at home that records how fast the heart is beating, its rhythm, and the electrical pattern that makes the chambers contract.
- homeopathy
An approach to medicine based on the belief that natural agents, prepared in a special way and used in very small amounts, restore health.
- hormone replacement therapy
A therapy to replace natural hormones when the body doesn't make enough.
- hormone therapy
Treatment that adds, blocks, or removes hormones.
- HPV
A virus that can cause warts and changes to cells.
- human chorionic gonadotropin
A hormone that's made when a fertilized egg implants in the uterus and that is only found in the body during pregnancy.
- human immunodeficiency virus
A virus that attacks the body's immune system and that, if left untreated, can develop into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
- hydralazine
A medication taken in combination with a nitrate to lower blood pressure and make it easier for the heart to pump.
- hydrocodone
A drug used to treat severe pain.
- hyperemesis gravidarum
The most severe type of morning sickness.
- hyperglycemia
A condition where the level of glucose in the blood is higher than normal.
- hyperlipidemia
A condition where a person has a high amount of fats in the blood.
- hypertension
A condition where the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than normal.
- hypertensive crisis
A case of extreme high blood pressure.
- hyperthyroidism
When the thyroid gland makes too much of the hormone thyroxine.
- hypoglycemia
A condition where the level of glucose in the blood drops below normal.
- hypomania
A milder version of a manic episode lasting 4 days or less. A person can feel excited, energized, be very active, and able to carry on with daily activities.
- hypotension
Low blood pressure.
- hypothermia
Harmful and very low temperature in the body.
- hypothyroidism
A condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormone.
- hypoxemia
A term for when a person has less oxygen in their blood than they should.
- hysterectomy
Surgery to remove the uterus.
- ibuprofen
A drug used to treat pain. A common brand name is Advil®.
- idiopathic
Not having a known cause.
- immunochemical fecal occult blood test
A test that uses antibodies to detect blood in a stool sample.
- immunoglobulin
A type of protein that helps protect the body from disease. Also known as antibodies.
- immunoglobulin E
An antibody protein produced by the body in response to allergens.
- immunotherapy
A medication or vaccine that helps to stimulate or suppress the immune system.
- implantable cardioverter defibrillator
An implanted device that continuously monitors the heart and send an electric pulse to the heart to restore a normal heartbeat in the event of a life-threatening concern.
- incontinence
The inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder or the escape of stool from the rectum.
- infection
When bacteria, viruses, yeast, fungi, or other microorganisms enter the body and grow, potentially causing health problems.
- infective endocarditis
A bacterial infection that can affect the heart valve, the lining of the heart, or a blood vessel.
- infertility
Not being able to get pregnant after more than 1 year of unprotected sex.
- inflammation
The body's immune response to tissue harm or changes from a germ, trauma, or allergen.
- inflammatory bowel disease
A group of conditions that cause damage and ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract (mouth to anus).
- influenza
A respiratory infection caused by multiple viruses. Also called the flu.
- inhaled corticosteroid
A type of medicine that is inhaled to reduce inflammation in the lungs.
- in-network
Providers (like doctors, hospitals, or pharmacies) that participate in a person's health plan.
- insomnia
A sleep disorder where people have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both.
- insulin
A hormone the body makes that helps turn glucose (sugar) from food into energy.
- interferon
A group of proteins that can interfere with cell growth.
- interstitial nephritis
A kidney disorder in which the spaces between the kidney tubules become swollen.
- intrauterine device
A small device placed inside a uterus to prevent pregnancy.
- intraventricular hemorrhage
Internal bleeding in the brain that often resolves over time.
- iron-deficiency anemia
A shortage of red blood cells caused by a need for more iron intake.
- ischemia
When tissues can't get enough blood and oxygen because the blood supply has slowed or stopped.
- ischemic rest pain
Pain that results from severely reduced or blocked blood flow.
- ischemic stroke
A blockage of blood vessels supplying blood to the brain.
- isotretinoin
A prescribed medicine used to treat severe acne.
- jaundice
Yellow-colored skin or eyes caused by too much bilirubin in the blood.
- ketoacidosis
A condition that occurs when the body cannot use sugar (glucose) as a fuel source because there's no insulin or not enough insulin.
- kidney stones
A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine.
- lactose intolerance
When the body cannot digest or absorb lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products.
- lateral collateral ligament
The band of tissue that runs along the outside of the knee joint. It connects the upper and lower leg bones. It keeps the outer knee stable.
- laxative
A substance that promotes bowel movements.
- leukotriene modifier
A type of drug used to treat allergies and prevent asthma symptoms.
- lisinopril
A type of ACE inhibitor, a drug that relaxes blood vessels and lowers blood pressure. Common brand names include Qbrelis® and Zestril®.
- listeria
A harmful bacteria found in some meats, soil, and water.
- listeriosis
An infection caused by the listeria bacteria.
- lorazepam
A medication that's used to treat anxiety and some seizure disorders.
- Lyme disease
A bacterial illness spread to humans from the bite of a deer tick.
- lymphedema
A condition in which extra lymph fluid builds up in tissues and causes swelling.
- lymph node dissection
A procedure in which the lymph nodes are removed and a sample of tissue is checked in a lab for signs of cancer.
- magnetic resonance imaging
A test that uses magnets and radio waves to make an image of organs and tissues inside the body.
- mammogram
An x-ray of the breast.
- manic episode
A time of intense activity and energy.
- manipulation
A type of therapy in which the therapist moves 1 or more parts of the patient's body to treat pain, stress, anxiety, and depression, and to promote general well-being.
- mastectomy
Surgery to remove part or all of the breast.
- mastitis
Swelling of the breast.
- measles
A highly contagious disease marked by fever, cough, and raised red spots on the skin.
- medial collateral ligament
The band that runs along the inside of the knee joint. It provides stability to the inner part of the knee.
- Medicaid
A health insurance program for people who cannot afford a health plan. The program is run by U.S. federal, state, and local governments.
- Medicare
A U.S. federal insurance program for people aged 65 and older and people with certain disabilities.
- meglitinide
A type of diabetes drug that helps your body make more insulin for a short time, right after meals.
- meningitis
Swelling of the brain and spinal cord, often caused by infection.
- menopause
When a menstrual cycle stops for good and a person can no longer get pregnant.
- metabolic syndrome
The name for a group of risk factors that raises the risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as diabetes, heart attack, and stroke.
- metered-dose inhaler
A medical device that delivers medicine through the mouth and throat and into your lungs.
- metformin
An oral medication used to control type 2 diabetes. A common brand name is Glucophage®.
- migraine
A very painful headache, often felt on 1 side of the head.
- mirtazapine
A drug used to treat depression. Also called Remeron.
- monoamine oxidase inhibitor
A type of medication used to treat depression.
- mononucleosis
An infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Also known as mono.
- montelukast
A medication used to help control asthma. A common brand name is Singulair®.
- mood stabilizer
A type of medication used to treat bipolar disorder and mood swings caused by other mental disorders.
- morphine
A drug used to treat moderate-to-severe pain.
- multiple sclerosis
A disease of the brain and spinal cord that causes a person to slowly lose control of their body.
- mumps
A disease caused by a virus that causes inflammation of the salivary glands, brain and spinal tissues, and pancreas.
- myeloma
A type of cancer that develops in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell.
- naloxone
A medication used to prevent or reverse overdose by opioids, such as heroin, morphine, and oxycodone.
- naproxen
A type of painkiller. A common brand name is Aleve®.
- narcolepsy
A disease that causes sudden extreme daytime sleepiness.
- narcotic
A type of drug used for severe pain that isn't helped by other kinds of painkillers.
- nasal cannula
A tube used to supply the body with extra oxygen via the nose.
- nebulizer
A machine that delivers medication as a thin mist via a mouthpiece or a face mask.
- necrotizing enterocolitis
A condition where the lining of the intestine dies and the tissue falls off. It mainly affects premature infants or sick newborns.
- neoadjuvant therapy
Treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment, which is often surgery.
- neonatal abstinence syndrome
When a baby develops withdrawal symptoms after birth for a substance they were exposed to in the womb.
- nerve conduction study
A test that helps find out if muscles are responding the right way to nerve signals.
- neural tube defect
A major birth defect of the neural tube, a structure in an embryo that becomes the brain and spinal cord.
- neutropenia
A lower than normal number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, in the blood.
- nicotine
An addictive drug found in the tobacco plant.
- nicotine replacement therapy
A therapy that gives low doses of nicotine to the body without tobacco in order to help reduce nicotine cravings.
- nitroglycerin
A medication that promotes blood flow by causing blood vessels to relax and widen. A common brand name is Rectiv®.
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
A common type of pain reliever. Some common examples are naproxen, ibuprofen, and aspirin.
- norepinephrine
A chemical in the brain and body that affects arousal, attention, and mood.
- nuclear medicine scan
A type of test that uses a small amount of radiation and a special camera to take a picture of the structures inside your body.
- obsessive compulsive disorder
A type of anxiety disorder in which a person feels an urge to repeat certain rituals or behaviors.
- occupational therapy
Support and training that helps people improve in tasks of daily living, such as self-care and working.
- oligohydramnios
The state of not having enough amniotic fluid during pregnancy.
- olmesartan
A type of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), a drug that lowers blood pressure. A common brand name Is Benicar®.
- omalizumab
A drug used to help prevent asthma flare-ups. A common brand name is Xolair®.
- opioid
A type of medication that relieves pain by reducing the intensity of pain signals in the brain.
- oral corticosteroid
A type of medication used to reduce inflammation.
- out-of-network
When a provider (like a doctor, hospital, or pharmacy) doesn't participate in a given health plan.
- out-of-pocket maximum
The most a person has to pay for covered health services in a plan year.
- oxycodone
A prescription medication used to treat pain. Some common brand names are Oxaydo® and Roxicodone®.
- oxytocin
A hormone that promotes social connection and relaxation, often triggered by pleasant skin-to-skin contact, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.
- pacemaker
An electronic device that's put in the body to help control heart rate and rhythm.
- palivizumab
An injection used to prevent serious lung infections in children and babies caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A common brand name is Synagis®.
- panic disorder
A condition marked by frequent, sudden, and repeat panic attacks.
- Pap test
A test in which a small brush is placed into the vagina to remove cells from the cervix to check for cancer.
- parainfluenza
Any of a group of viruses that cause infections in the respiratory tract.
- paralysis
Loss of some or all movement of muscles.
- paresthesia
When a part of the body goes numb or feels like it's tingling.
- Parkinson disease
A disease that affects the part of the brain that controls movement, causing trouble with balance, movement, and talking.
- parvovirus B19
A virus that causes a mild rash, often in children. Also known as fifth disease.
- patent ductus arteriosus
A heart condition in newborns where the ductus arteriosus pathway doesn't close properly before birth, preventing the lungs from receiving blood.
- pelvic inflammatory disease
An infection of the female reproductive organs above the cervix caused by a sexually transmitted disease.
- percocet
A prescription painkiller that's a combination of oxycodone and acetaminophen.
- percutaneous coronary intervention
A procedure that opens a blocked artery and improves blood flow to the heart by inserting a balloon into an artery and inflating it. A stent may also be put in place to help keep the artery open.
- pericarditis
A condition in which the sac around the heart is inflamed.
- peridontal disease
Any of a series of oral health conditions ranging from simple gum disease to damage to the tissues and bones that support the teeth.
- perimenopause
A transition period leading up to menopause when the body starts producing less of the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
- perinatal anxiety
A long-lasting feeling of worry, fear, or nervousness that occurs during or after pregnancy.
- perinatal depression
Depression that occurs during or after a pregnancy.
- periodic limb movement disorder
Episodes of simple, repeat muscle movements that can't be controlled.
- periodontitis
Inflammation and infection of the ligaments and bones that support the teeth.
- peripartum depression
Depression that begins during pregnancy and continues after delivery.
- peripheral arterial disease
A disease in which plaque builds up in the arteries that carry blood to the head, organs, and limbs.
- peripheral neuropathy
A nerve problem that causes pain, numbness, tingling, swelling, or muscle weakness in the body.
- peritoneal dialysis
A procedure to filter waste, toxins, and extra fluids from the blood through a special solution delivered using a small tube inserted into the lining of the stomach.
- peritonitis
Inflammation of the lining of the abdomen caused by infection, injury, or disease.
- persistent depressive disorder
A condition where symptoms of depression last for at least 2 years.
- phenylketonuria
A rare condition where the body cannot process a portion of the protein phenylalanine, which is found in most foods.
- physical therapy
Body training designed to restore movement, balance, and strength.
- placental abruption
When the placenta detaches from the wall of the uterus during pregnancy.
- placenta previa
When the placenta partly or fully covers the cervix.
- platelet
A tiny piece of cell found in the blood and spleen. It helps form blood clots, slow or stop bleeding, and heal wounds.
- pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
A vaccine that protects against many types of bacteria that can cause a pneumonia infection.
- pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs caused by fluid filling the air sacs of the lungs.
- pneumothorax
A condition where air escapes from a lung, causing it to collapse.
- point of service
A type of health plan that allows you to see doctors that are both in network and out of network.
- polio
A virus that affects the nervous system and can lead to paralysis.
- polycystic ovary syndrome
A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges.
- polyhydramnios
An excess of amniotic fluid during pregnancy.
- posterior cruciate ligament
The band of tissue in the center of the knee. It limits backward movement of the tibia.
- postpartum
The 6-week period after childbirth.
- postpartum depression
Depression after childbirth.
- postpartum hemorrhage
Excess bleeding after giving birth that's hard to control.
- post-traumatic stress disorder
A mental health condition caused by trauma.
- prasugrel
A medication that helps prevent blood clots from forming. A common brand name is Effient®.
A decision by a health plan to approve or deny a service, treatment, or drug.
- precancer
Any change in tissues or cells that may become cancer.
- prediabetes
A condition where a person has blood sugar levels that are higher than normal, but not high enough for type 2 diabetes.
- preeclampsia
A serious pregnancy condition that causes high blood pressure in a pregnant person after week 20 of pregnancy. It may lead to organ damage, seizures, or stillbirth.
- preferred provider organization
A type of health plan that usually doesn't require a referral from a primary care doctor to see a specialist.
- premature
When a baby is born early, before week 37 of pregnancy.
- prenatal vitamin
A daily vitamin made for pregnant people and people planning to get pregnant that contains extra nutrients for a healthy baby and pregnancy.
- progesterone
A hormone produced by the ovaries that prepares the uterus for a possible pregnancy each month and supports pregnancy and breastfeeding.
- progestin
A lab-made hormone that causes changes in the lining of the uterus and cervix.
- prolactin
A hormone created when a person is pregnant or breastfeeding that triggers milk production and help stop ovulation.
- prosthesis
A device that replaces a part of the body, such as a leg or hand, that has been removed.
- psoriasis
A chronic skin condition where patches of skin become inflamed and red, with silver scales.
- psychotherapy
A type of therapy that helps people learn how to identify and cope with certain thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.
- psychotic
Any loss of contact with reality, causing a person to have a hard time knowing what's real and what's not.
- psychotropic
A type of medication that affects the brain chemicals in charge of mood and behavior.
- pudendal block
A procedure to numb the area around the vulva to reduce pain during labor and delivery.
- pulmonary embolism
A sudden blockage in a lung artery, usually caused by a blood clot that travels to the lung from a vein in the leg.
- pulmonary function test
A test to check how well the lungs work.
- pyloric stenosis
When the space between the stomach and the intestines narrows, causing forceful vomiting in young babies.
- quick-relief
A type of drug that helps prevent or relieve symptoms during an asthma attack.
- quinapril
A type of ACE inhibitor, a drug that relaxes blood vessels and lowers blood pressure. A common brand name is Accupril®.
- quinine
A drug made from tree bark used to treat malaria.
- radioactive drugs
Drugs used to look at the inner organs of the body or to treat diseases, like cancer.
- rectal cancer
Cancer of the colon or rectum.
- renal disease
Any disease or disorder that affects the function of the kidneys.
- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
A procedure where magnets are used to activate the areas of the brain that control mood.
- respiratory syncytial virus
A common virus that affects the respiratory system that typically has symptoms like the common cold, but may be more severe in infants, older adults, and those with chronic health problems.
- restenosis
A condition where a blocked artery that was previously opened has become narrowed again.
- restless legs syndrome
A sleep disorder where a person feels a strong urge to move their legs, often at night.
- retained placenta
A placenta that remains inside the mother after the birth of a child.
- retinopathy of prematurity
A condition where abnormal blood vessels grow in an infant's retinas.
- reuptake inhibitor
A drug that blocks a substance from being absorbed after it has done its job.
- revascularization
A procedure that helps restore blood flow through blood vessels that are closed or nearly closed.
- rheumatoid arthritis
An autoimmune disease that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. It may cause severe joint damage, loss of function, and disability.
- rubella
A virus that causes rash, mild fever, and arthritis, as well as miscarriage and birth defects in pregnancy.
- salicylic acid
An ingredient found in aspirin and acne treatments.
- sarcoma
A type of cancer that begins in bone or in the soft tissues of the body.
- schizophrenia
A chronic, severe mental disease that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves.
- sciatica
Pain, numbness, or burning in the lower back or leg caused by pressure or trauma to the sciatic nerve.
- screening test
A test used to detect signs of, or risks for, a health problem.
- seasonal affective disorder
A type of depression caused by a decrease in natural sunlight levels (such as during the winter).
- sedative
A drug that has a soothing and calming effect and that's often prescribed for anxiety or sleep problems.
- seizure
When muscles contract and the body has sudden movement and loss of control.
- selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor
A type of medication that reduces the amount of cholesterol absorbed by the body.
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
A type of medication that's used to treat depression and anxiety by helping the brain use more serotonin.
- sentinel lymph node biopsy
A procedure in which a lymph node is removed and examined to determine whether cancer is spreading from a tumor.
- sepsis
A severe body-wide immune response to an infection in the blood or tissues.
- serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
A type of medication that's used to treat depression and certain other disorders by increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the blood.
- serotonin syndrome
A potentially life-threatening drug reaction caused by too much serotonin in the body, often as a result of starting or increasing medication that affects serotonin levels.
- shingles
A disease caused by reactivation of the chickenpox virus in a person's body, often years after the original infection.
- sickle cell anemia
An inherited blood condition in which red blood cells are hardened and curved in shape, preventing effective blood flow.
- sildenafil
A drug used to treat erectile dysfunction and high blood pressure in the lungs. A common brand name is Viagra®.
- sinoatrial node
A cluster of cells in the upper right chamber of the heart that create electrical signals that cause the heart to contract and pump blood.
- sleep aid
Any medication used to treat difficulty sleeping.
- sleep apnea
A sleep disorder marked by pauses in breathing of 10 seconds or more during sleep, often causing unrestful sleep.
A type of anxiety marked by extreme fear of social situations and being judged by others.
A type of therapy that supports the creation of routines to reduce mental distress.
- spina bifida
A birth defect in which a baby's spine doesn't develop properly.
- spinal stenosis
A condition where the spinal column narrows, which puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.
- spirometry
A test used to measure how well the lungs work.
- statin
A medication used to help manage high cholesterol levels and lower the risk of heart attack.
- stress test
A test that shows how the heart works during exercise.
- substance use disorder
The chronic use of alcohol and/or drugs.
- sudden infant death syndrome
The sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age due to unknown causes.
- sulfonylurea
A type of diabetes medication that lowers blood sugar by increasing the amount of insulin released by the pancreas.
- surfactant
A substance in the lungs that helps them expand and contract when breathing.
- syphilis
A sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria.
- systemic lupus erythematosus
An autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation and damage to the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood vessels, and brain.
- systolic blood pressure
The force of blood flow pushing against blood vessels during heartbeats.
- tachycardia
A condition where a person's heart is beating faster than it should be.
- tachypnea
A condition where a person is breathing faster than they should be.
- tadalafil
A drug used to treat erectile dysfunction.
- tamoxifen
A drug used to treat or prevent certain types of breast cancer.
- tardive dyskinesia
A movement disorder marked by repeat motions in the face, neck, and tongue.
- targeted therapy
A type of cancer treatment that uses drugs or other substances to find and attack certain cancer cells, while causing less harm to normal cells.
- tartar
The buildup of plaque, a filmy substance, on the teeth.
- Tay-Sachs disease
A generally fatal genetic condition in which a harmful fatty substance builds up in the nerve cells in the brain.
- Tdap
A vaccine to protect against tetanus (lockjaw), diptheria, and pertussis (whooping cough).
- tetanus
A severe illness in which muscles lock or tighten. It's caused by a bacteria that lives in soil, dust, and manure.
- tetrahydrocannabinol
A chemical in marijuana that affects the brain.
- tetralogy of Fallot
A heart condition caused by the presence of 4 heart defects at the same time at birth, which affects the ability of blood to flow to the right places in the body.
- thalassemia
An inherited blood condition that affects a person's hemoglobin and causes anemia.
- theophylline
A drug used to treat asthma symptoms by relaxing the airways, making it easier to breathe. A common brand name is Uniphyl®.
- thiazolidinedione
A type of diabetes medication that makes your body more sensitive to insulin.
- thrill
When blood flow vibrates or pulses and is felt on the skin.
- thrombectomy
A procedure in which a long tube tipped with a suction cup or other device is used to break up or remove a clot.
- thrombolytics
A group of medications used to quickly dissolve blood clots.
- thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel.
- thrush
A yeast infection of the mouth and throat caused by the fungus Candida albicans.
- ticagrelor
A medication that helps prevent blood clots from forming. A common brand name is Brilinta®.
- tonometry
A test that checks the pressure inside your eye.
- tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils.
- total knee replacement
A surgery in which parts of the knee joint are replaced with artificial parts.
- total mastectomy
Surgery to remove the whole breast and possibly some of the lymph nodes under the arm.
- Tourette syndrome
A condition of the nervous system in which a person makes involuntary movements and sounds called tics.
- toxoplasmosis
An infection caused by a parasite found in cat feces, soil, and raw or undercooked meat.
- transducer
A probe that's placed on the skin or inside a body opening and that transmits ultrasound waves through gel into the body to make pictures on a screen.
- transesophageal echocardiogram
A test that uses sound waves to create high-quality moving pictures of the heart and its blood vessels.
- transient ischemic attack
A mini-stroke where there is a short-term reduction in blood flow to the brain without brain damage.
- transurethral resection of the prostate
Surgery to remove tissue from the prostate using a tool inserted through the urethra.
- traumatic brain injury
A brain injury that results from a sudden blow to the head.
- trichomoniasis
A sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite that's spread during sex.
- tricyclic antidepressant
A type of medication that helps to ease depression by increasing serotonin and norepinephrine uptake.
- triple screen
A blood test that shows if there's an increased risk of a birth defect in the fetus or a multiple pregnancy.
- trisomy 18
When a baby has 3 copies of chromosome 18 instead of the normal 2 copies.
- tuberculosis
A disease caused by bacteria that usually affects the lungs.
- tubular necrosis
Damage and death of the tubule cells of the kidneys.
- tumor
An abnormal mass of tissue that's created when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should.
- type 2 diabetes
A chronic disease in which a person's body doesn't produce enough insulin, or is resistant to insulin. This causes the person to have higher blood sugar levels.
- typical antipsychotic
An older class of medication used to treat psychosis and other behavioral health disorders.
- ulcerative colitis
A type of chronic bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine.
- ultrasound
A test that uses sound waves to produce images of the organs and structures of the body on a screen.
- urea reduction ratio
A blood test that compares the amount of blood urea nitrogen before and after dialysis to check whether the dialysis is working.
- uric acid
A chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines. Purines are found in some foods and drinks, such as liver, anchovies, mackerel, dried beans and peas, beer, and wine.
- urinalysis
A test that looks at urine to find out what it contains.
- urinary
Relating to the organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
- uterine fibroids
Common, benign (noncancerous) tumors that grow in the muscle of the uterus.
- vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina, often caused by infection.
- vagus nerve stimulation
A type of therapy where a device is placed under the skin and sends pulses to the vagus nerve.
- Valium
A type of benzodiazepine used to treat mild-to-moderate anxiety and tension, and to relax muscles. Also called diazepam.
- vardenafil
A drug used to treat erectile dysfunction.
- vasculitis
A condition where the immune system attacks blood vessels by mistake, causing inflammation.
- vasodilator
A medicine that signals the muscles in the walls of blood vessels to relax.
- Vicodin
A prescription painkiller that's a combination of hydrocodone and acetaminophen.
- virtual colonoscopy
A test that makes 2D and 3D x-ray pictures of the rectum and colon.
- visual acuity test
A test that measures how well you see symbols or letters on an eye chart from 20 feet away.
- vitamin B12
A nutrient that helps keep nerve and blood cells healthy.
- warfarin
A medication used to prevent blood clots. Some common brand names are Jantoven® and Coumadin®.
- wheezing
A type of breathing problem that often sounds like whistling or squeaking.
- Xanax
A type of benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders and panic attacks. Also called alprazolam.
- yeast infection
A common infection caused by the presence of too much of the fungus Candida, typically in the mouth or genitals.